DIRECT INJECTION TECHNIQUE FOR BIO-PESTICIDE SPRAY

Eye-Safe Lidar System for Pesticide Spray Drift Measurement

Spray drift is one of the main sources of pesticide contamination. For this reason, an accurate understanding of this phenomenon is necessary in order to limit its effects. Nowadays, spray drift is usually studied by using in situ collectors which only allow time-integrated sampling of specific points of the pesticide clouds. Previous research has demonstrated that the light detection and rangi...

Local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: transcricoid injection or the "spray as you go" technique?

Local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy should be given by a safe technique that is not unpleasant to the patient and should provide acceptable conditions for the bronchoscopist. Single injection transcricoid local anaesthesia was compared with the "spray as you go" technique in patients having day case fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Patients were randomised to receive either 100 mg lignocaine ...

Combustion Modeling for Modern Direct Injection Diesel Engines

In order to comply with stringent pollutant emissions regulations, a detailed analysis of the engine combustion and emission is required. In this field, computational tools like CFD and engine cycle simulation play a fundamental role. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to simulate a high speed DI diesel engine and study the combustion and major diesel engine emissions with more deta...

Conditional Moment Closure Modeling of Turbulent Spray Combustion in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

which are in a nonconservative form. Global conservation is not guaranteed if integration is performed for Eqs. (2) and (3), which do not include PDF inside the temporal and spatial derivatives. On the other hand nonconservative forms allow a relatively coarse mesh since conditional averages show much less spatial dependence than PDF weighted Favre averages. Here η ρ ρ η ≡ and the scalar dissip...

Fuel Surrogate Physical Property Effects on Direct Injection Spray and Ignition Behavior